Political and economic chaos – arising from a variety of causes – plagued the country in this period. A year later, an interim legislature and interim government were established, headed by Kim Kyu-shik and Syngman Rhee respectively. Likewise, Hodge refused to recognize the newly formed People's Republic of Korea and its People's Committees, and outlawed it on 12 December. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, which had operated from China, sent a delegation with three interpreters to Hodge, but he refused to meet with them. Faced with mounting popular discontent, in October 1945 Hodge established the Korean Advisory Council. Hodge, their commander, took charge of the government. forces landed at Incheon on Septemand established a military government shortly thereafter. The trusteeship had been discussed at the Yalta Conference in February 1945. This division was meant to be temporary, to be replaced by a trusteeship of the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and Republic of China which would prepare for Korean independence. occupation the North and South, respectively. After Japan's surrender to the Allies (formalised on 2 September 1945), division at the 38th parallel marked the beginning of Soviet and U.S. military forces and approved on 17 August 1945) prescribed separate surrender procedures for Japanese forces in Korea north and south of the 38th parallel. 1 for the surrender of Japan (prepared by the Joint Chiefs of Staff of U.S. Yeo Woon-Hyung (far right) at the US-Soviet Joint Commission in 1947Įmperor Hirohito announced the surrender of the Empire of Japan to the Allied Powers on 15 August 1945. It is said to be one of the " Four Tigers" of rising Asian states along with Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Education, particularly at the tertiary level, has expanded dramatically. Since the 1960s, the country has developed from one of Asia's poorest to one of the world's wealthiest nations. Since its inception, South Korea has seen substantial development in education, economy, and culture. With the Sixth Republic, the country has gradually stabilized into a liberal democracy. The Third, Fourth, and Fifth Republics were nominally democratic, but are widely regarded as the continuation of military rule. The Second Republic was strongly democratic, but was overthrown in less than a year and replaced by an autocratic military regime.
The First Republic, arguably democratic at its inception, became increasingly autocratic until its collapse in 1960. Civilian governments are conventionally numbered from the First Republic of Syngman Rhee to the contemporary Sixth Republic.
South Korea's subsequent history is marked by alternating periods of democratic and autocratic rule. The peninsula was divided by the Korean Demilitarized Zone and the two separate governments stabilised into the existing political entities of North and South Korea. After much destruction, the war ended on July 27, 1953, with the 1948 status quo being restored, as neither the DPRK nor the First Republic had succeeded in conquering the other's portion of the divided Korea. On June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out. This led in 1948 to the establishment of two separate governments with the two very opposive ideologies the Communist-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the West-aligned First Republic of Korea – each claiming to be the legitimate government of all of Korea. The two parties were unable to agree on the implementation of Joint Trusteeship over Korea because of 2 different opinions. This division was meant to be temporary (as was in Germany) and was first intended to return a unified Korea back to its people after the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and China could arrange a single government for the peninsula. The unconditional surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones (similar to the four zones in Germany), with the United States administering the southern half of the peninsula and the Soviet Union administering the area north of the 38th parallel.
As Korea was under Japanese rule during World War II, Korea was officially a belligerent against the Allies by virtue of being Japanese territory. Korea was administratively partitioned in 1945, at the end of World War II. Supreme Council for National Reconstruction
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